[191] What the programme failed to do, the sharp and prolonged economic crisis has done from 2010 to 2011 in that tens of thousands of immigrants have left the country due to lack of jobs. [194] As allowed in the third article of the Constitution, the other 'Spanish languages' can also become official in their respective autonomous communities. The highest point in Spain is the Teide, a 3,718-metre (12,198ft) active volcano in the Canary Islands. [58] Further military action by Spanish armies, guerrilla warfare and an Anglo-Portuguese allied army, combined with Napoleon's failure on the Russian front, led to the retreat of French imperial armies from the Iberian Peninsula in 1814, and the return of King Ferdinand VII.[59]. This changed in 1955, during the Cold War period, when it became strategically important for the US to establish a military presence on the Iberian Peninsula as a counter to any possible move by the Soviet Union into the Mediterranean basin. The following six entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more UN member states (and therefore are defined as states by the constitutive theory of statehood) or have no diplomatic recognition by any UN member state but are defined as states by the declarative theory of statehood. Under the commonly used geographic definition, the boundary between the continents of Asia and Europe stretches along the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea in the east, the Greater Caucasus range,[1] and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, in the south. In May 1982 Spain joined NATO, followed by a referendum after a strong social opposition. The population of Spain has risen 2 1/2 times since 1900, when it stood at 18.6million, principally due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s. [121], According to Amnesty International (AI), government investigations of alleged police abuses are often lengthy and punishments were light. [17] Its cultural influence extends to over 600 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language and the world's most widely spoken Romance language.[18]. However, during the middle decades of the 17th century Spain's maritime power went into a long decline with mounting defeats against the Dutch Republic (Battle of the Downs) and then England in the Anglo-Spanish War of 16541660; by the 1660s it was struggling to defend its overseas possessions from pirates and privateers. Although atlases today generally show Panama entirely within North America, some atlases show the continental boundary along the. King Juan Carlos took personal command of the military and successfully ordered the coup plotters, via national television, to surrender.[72]. Does Spain still have any overseas territories? - Spanish life The country's national football team won the UEFA European Championship in 1964, 2008 and 2012 and the FIFA World Cup in 2010, and is the first team ever to win three back-to-back major international tournaments. The only legal party under Franco's dictatorship was the Falange Espaola Tradicionalista y de las JONS (FET y de las JONS), formed in 1937 upon the merging of the Fascist Falange Espaola de las JONS and the Carlist traditionalists and to which the rest of right-wing groups supporting the rebels also added. The basic institutional law of each autonomous community is the Statute of Autonomy. [55] Projects of agricultural colonisation with new settlements took place in the south of mainland Spain. [233] In a broader definition encompassing the period from 1868 or 1874 to 1936, the so-called Silver Age of Spanish Culture ensued.[234][235]. Various regional styles of folk music abound. Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Iberian Peninsula around 42,000 years ago. [98], Within the European territory, Spain has the largest number of plant species (7,600 vascular plants) of all European countries. [110][111][112] Another dispute surrounds the Savage Islands; Spain claims that they are rocks rather than islands, and therefore does not accept the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (200 nautical miles) generated by the islands. In 1492, Jews were forced to choose between conversion to Catholicism or facing expulsion. U.S. On the other hand, it is also during the Second Republic when important reforms to modernize the country were initiated: a democratic constitution, agrarian reform, restructuring of the army, political decentralization and women's right to vote. These islands include Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro in the Canarian archipelago and Mallorca, Ibiza, Menorca and Formentera in the Balearic archipelago. In 1940, when the Philippines was a U.S. possession, 19 million U.S. nationals . [73], In 2002, the Prestige oil spill occurred with big ecological consequences along Spain's Atlantic coastline. There are more than 200,000 migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain, principally Senegaleses and Nigerians. 1478 commenced the completion of the conquest of the Canary Islands. Several Christian kingdoms emerged in Northern Iberia, chief among them Asturias, Len, Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal; made an intermittent southward military expansion, known as the Reconquista, repelling Islamic rule in Iberia, which culminated with the Christian seizure of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in 1492. The most popular traditional musical instrument, the guitar, originated in Spain. With the exception of the region surrounding the capital, Madrid, the most populated areas lie around the coast. [201] Since 1970 to 2014, Spain has had seven different educational laws (LGE, LOECE, LODE, LOGSE, LOPEG, LOE and LOMCE). [71] The group was formed in 1959 during Franco's rule but had continued to wage its violent campaign even after the restoration of democracy and the return of a large measure of regional autonomy. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use. Upon the conclusion of the Granada War, the Nasrid Sultanate of Granada (the remaining Muslim-ruled polity in the Iberian Peninsula after 1246) capitulated in 1492 to the military strength of the Catholic Monarchs, and it was integrated from then on in the Crown of Castile. The Mediterranean heritage with Greco-Roman and some Moorish and influences in Spain, especially in Andalusia, is still evident today. The constitutional history of Spain dates back to the constitution of 1812. [74] Though initial suspicions focused on the Basque terrorist group ETA, evidence of Islamist involvement soon emerged. [140] Spanish companies invested in fields like renewable energy commercialisation (Iberdrola was the world's largest renewable energy operator[141]), technology companies like Telefnica, Abengoa, Mondragon Corporation (which is the world's largest worker-owned cooperative), Movistar, Hisdesat, Indra, train manufacturers like CAF, Talgo, global corporations such as the textile company Inditex, petroleum companies like Repsol or Cepsa and infrastructure, with six of the ten biggest international construction firms specialising in transport being Spanish, like Ferrovial, Acciona, ACS, OHL and FCC. After the Pyrenees, the main mountain ranges are the Cordillera Cantbrica (Cantabrian Range), Sistema Ibrico (Iberian System), Sistema Central (Central System), Montes de Toledo, Sierra Morena and the Sistema Btico (Baetic System) whose highest peak, the 3,478-metre-high (11,411-foot) Mulhacn, located in Sierra Nevada, is the highest elevation in the Iberian Peninsula. The peninsula of de Vlez de la Gomera is also regarded as a plaza de soberana. [101][102] The resulting general election in 1977 convened the Constituent Cortes (the Spanish Parliament, in its capacity as a constitutional assembly) for the purpose of drafting and approving the constitution of 1978. [95] 74% of the country is at risk of desertification[96], Spain's per capita emissions was 4.92 tonnes in 2021, around 1.5 tonnes lower than the EU average. The island of Cyprus in Western Asia is close to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) but is often considered to be a part of Europe and is a current member of the European Union. You asked: Does Spain have any overseas territories? The predominant economic policy was an interventionist one, and the State also pursued policies aiming towards infrastructure development as well as the abolition of internal customs and the reduction of export tariffs. Mount Teide (Tenerife) is the highest mountain peak in Spain and is the third largest volcano in the world from its base. A trade union linked to this party, Unin General de Trabajadores, was founded in 1888. It is some 47,000km2 (18,000sqmi) smaller than France. The regime remained nominally "neutral" for much of the Second World War, although it was sympathetic to the Axis and provided the Nazi Wehrmacht with Spanish volunteers in the Eastern Front. [176] Spain subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 43.1 years. [249], As of 2021, the festivals of San Sebastin and Mlaga are ranked among the top cultural initiatives in the country. [77] In 2005, the Spanish government legalised same sex marriage, becoming the third country worldwide to do so. There was then an extraordinary flourishing of the Gothic style that resulted in numerous instances being built throughout the entire territory. The isle of Alborn, located in the Mediterranean between Spain and North Africa, is also administered by Spain, specifically by the municipality of Almera, Andalusia. These are similar to what Puerto Rico is to the United States. [104] According to Inter-Parliamentary Union data as of 1 September 2018, 137 of the 350 members of the Congress were women (39.1%), while in the Senate, there were 101 women out of 266 (39.9%), placing Spain 16th on their list of countries ranked by proportion of women in the lower (or single) House. The country also borders the Mediterranean Sea, the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic Ocean. The Spanish administration approved the Gender Equality Act in 2007 aimed at furthering equality between genders in Spanish political and economic life. Spain has a total land border of 1,191.7 miles long that is shared by five countries: Morocco, Andorra, France, Portugal, and Gibraltar. Map of U.S. Territories - Geology.com [40], In 1469, the crowns of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were united by the marriage of their monarchs, Isabella I and Ferdinand II, respectively. The Spanish king abdicated and a puppet kingdom satellite to the French Empire was installed with Joseph Bonaparte as king. Autonomous communities are divided into provinces, which served as their territorial building blocks. [34] For several centuries, the fluctuating frontier between the Muslim and Christian controlled areas of the peninsula was along the Ebro and Douro valleys. They were created after the current constitution came into effect (in 1978) in recognition of the right to self-government of the "nationalities and regions of Spain". The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political. The communities of Asturias, Cantabria, La Rioja, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarre are the only communities that comprise a single province, which is coextensive with the community itself. [254] The Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival is one of the main ones in its genre. Britannia still rules the waves. In 2015 Spain was the 8th largest automobile producer country in the world[143] and still in 2022 the 2nd largest car manufacturer in Europe after Germany. Spain aims to put onemillion electric cars on the road by 2014 as part of the government's plan to save energy and boost energy efficiency. The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. For other uses, see, Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom, The official language of the State is established in the Section 3 of the, The Spanish Constitution does not contain any one official name for Spain. [224] Spanish art, architecture, cuisine, and music have been shaped by successive waves of foreign invaders, as well as by the country's Mediterranean climate and geography. 8 Is Ceuta Spanish territory? Like Cyprus, Armenia is also entirely in Western Asia but is a member of several European organisations. 9 Important Facts about America's Overseas Military Cemeteries ABMC manages 25 cemeteries and 27 monuments, memorials and markers. Spain has the most extensive high-speed rail network in Europe, and the second-most extensive in the world after China. Early Medieval literature in Christian Iberia was written in Latin, which remained as the standard literary language up until the mid-13th century, whereas Ibero-Romance vernaculars and Basque were spoken. [32] Most of Spain's present languages and religions, as well as the basis of its laws, originate from this period. How many countries are in Spain? - ElegantQuestion.com Alonso Berruguete (Valladolid School) is called the "Prince of Spanish sculpture". The armed forces of Spain are known as the Spanish Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Espaolas). The Napoleonic War left Spain economically ruined, deeply divided and politically unstable. In 1879, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party was founded. More than 879,000 (42%) of them had Spanish nationality.[221]. [242], Artists from Spain have been highly influential in the development of various European and American artistic movements. Names are shown in Spanish. An influential style centred in Barcelona, known as modernisme, produced a number of important architects, of which Gaud is one. This sudden and ongoing inflow of immigrants, particularly those arriving illegally by sea, has caused noticeable social tension.[184]. While its most famous event is the encierro, or the running of the bulls. Spain's other African lands are military outposts or uninhabited islands. Food is traditionally preserved by salting, such as Spanish ham, or immersed in olive oil, such as Manchego cheese. [23] It may be a derivation of the Phoenician I-Shpania, meaning "island of rabbits", "land of rabbits" or "edge", a reference to Spain's location at the end of the Mediterranean; Roman coins struck in the region from the reign of Hadrian show a female figure with a rabbit at her feet,[24] and Strabo called it the "land of the rabbits". General Francisco Franco was sworn in as the supreme leader of the rebels on 1 October 1936. The health care system of Spain (Spanish National Health System) is considered one of the best in the world, in 7th position in the ranking elaborated by the World Health Organization. [4], Although the Mediterranean Sea provides a clearer divide between Africa and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as Malta, Pantelleria, the Pelagie Islands, and Sicily are actually located on the African Plate. [4] Historical U.S. territories List of U.S. territorial acquisitions The table below lists the major territorial acquisitions of the United States since 1789. Europe's overseas territories: What you need to know The Meseta Central (often translated as 'Inner Plateau') is a vast plateau in the heart of peninsular Spain split in two by the Sistema Central. For reference, their populations and capital cities have also been included. [57] These revolts marked the beginning of a devastating war of independence against the Napoleonic regime. About four decades after the War of the Alpujarras (15681571), over 300,000 moriscos were expelled, settling primarily in North Africa. In the last five decades, international tourism in Spain has grown to become the second largest in the world in terms of spending, worth approximately 40billion Euros or about 5% of GDP in 2006.[147][148]. Purchased from Russia for $7.2 million; statehood 1959. However, borders along lakes, rivers, and other internal waters are considered land borders for the purposes of this article. Other Christian kingdoms such as Navarre and Aragon in the mountainous north eventually surged upon the consolidation of counties of the Carolingian Marca Hispanica. Instances of political violence during this period included the burning of churches, the 1932 failed coup d'tat led by Jos Sanjurjo, the Revolution of 1934 and numerous attacks against rival political leaders. They are Crown Dependencies, enjoying a unique relationship with the United Kingdom and the rest of the British Commonwealth through the Crown, in the person of the Sovereign. 20 Spanish is the official language (either by law or de facto) in 20 sovereign states and one dependent territory, totaling around 442 million people.Sovereign states. [81] As prime minister, he implemented austerity measures for EU bailout, the EU Stability and Growth Pact. [11][g] The largest part of Spain is situated on the Iberian Peninsula; its territory also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in Africa. [14] 44 countries have their capital city located within Europe, and (as of 2022) 27 of those countries are member states of the European Union, which means that they are highly integrated with one another and share their sovereignty through EU institutions. [31], The cultures of the pre-Roman populations were gradually Romanised (Latinised) at different rates depending on what part of the peninsula they lived in, with local leaders being admitted into the Roman aristocratic class. Due to its historical and geographical diversity, Spanish architecture has drawn from a host of influences. Spain managed to hold on to most of the scattered Habsburg empire, and help the imperial forces of the Holy Roman Empire reverse a large part of the advances made by Protestant forces, but it was finally forced to recognise the separation of Portugal and the United Provinces (Dutch Republic), and eventually suffered some serious military reverses to France in the latter stages of the immensely destructive, Europe-wide Thirty Years' War. Health and education systems among others are managed by the Spanish communities, and in addition, the Basque Country and Navarre also manage their own public finances based on foral provisions. It is a major advanced capitalist economy,[20] with the world's sixteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP (fourth of the European Union) and the sixteenth-largest by PPP. [43], The unification of the crowns of Aragon and Castile by the marriage of their sovereigns laid the basis for modern Spain and the Spanish Empire, although each kingdom of Spain remained a separate country socially, politically, legally, and in currency and language. In the anarcho-sindicalist trend of the labour movement in Spain, Confederacin Nacional del Trabajo was founded in 1910 and Federacin Anarquista Ibrica in 1927. In addition, the Basque Country, Catalonia and Navarre have police corps of their own: Ertzaintza, Mossos d'Esquadra and the Polica Foral respectively. [82] On 19 June 2014, the monarch, Juan Carlos, abdicated in favour of his son, who became Felipe VI. One of the most famous is San Fermn, in Pamplona. British Overseas Territories - WorldAtlas Spain played a minor part in the scramble for Africa. Columbus's first voyage crossed the Atlantic and reached the Caribbean Islands, beginning the European exploration and conquest of the Americas. All are either member states of the United Nations or non-member observer states at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA),[13] and all except Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Vatican City are members of the Council of Europe. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the North-African Marinids established some enclaves around the Strait of Gibraltar. Territories Of The United States | Encyclopedia.com Pop, rock, hip hop and heavy metal are also popular. Overseas Territories, Dependent Areas, and Disputed Territories The Kingdom of Len was the strongest Christian kingdom for centuries. [222][223] Spanish culture is marked by strong historic ties to the Catholic Church, which played a pivotal role in the country's formation and subsequent identity. The name of "Movimiento Nacional", sometimes understood as a wider structure than the FET y de las JONS proper, largely imposed over the later's name in official documents along the 1950s. 1846. Spain is the second biggest foreign investor there, after the United States. Today, Spain is a major world sports powerhouse, especially since the 1992 Summer Olympics and Paralympics that were hosted in Barcelona, which stimulated a great deal of interest in sports in the country. Since the Siglo de Oro, a period of flourishing in arts in Spain coinciding with the political rise of the Spanish Empire under the Catholic Monarchs and the Spanish Habsburgs, the Spanish art, architecture, music, literature, and cuisine have been influential worldwide, particularly in Western Europe and the Americas. Eventually, Phoenician-Carthaginians expanded inland towards the meseta; however, due to the bellicose inland tribes, the Carthaginians settled on the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. The Statutes of Autonomy establish the name of the community according to its historical and contemporary identity, the limits of its territories, the name and organisation of the institutions of government and the rights they enjoy according to the constitution. Premio Planeta de Novela and Miguel de Cervantes Prize are the two main awards in Spanish literature. Contents show The two main ones are Ceuta and Melilla, which are coastal territories connected to Morocco. Gibraltar, situated on the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, is the most densely populated . 4 Spain Africa, exploited by world powers for centuries, is home today to only one, nominal, colony. [80] Catalan independentism also rose. Spain committed to reduce 23% of emissions compared to 1990 levels in 2030 and to be net zero in 2050.[97]. [160] Spain was ranked 29th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022. (Last updated: 10 May 2022) [i] All data is from United Nations Secretariat 2020 Working Papers on Non-Self-Governing Territories, and for Western Sahara, from UNdata, a database by the United. Argentina's oceans include the Southern Ocean if the. Garcia Cantalapiedra, David, and Ramon Pacheco Pardo. Does Spain have overseas territories? The PSOE was replaced in government by the Partido Popular (PP) in 1996 after scandals around participation of the government of Felipe Gonzlez in the Dirty war against ETA. Datos provisionales", "Immigrants Fuel Europe's Civilization Clash", "Spanish youth clash with immigrant gangs", "Spain grants amnesty to 700,000 migrants", Spain's Jobs Crisis Leaves Immigrants Out of Work, "The Smooth Transition: Spain's 1978 Constitution and the Nationalities Question", "Spain, a plurilingual state: Spanish and other official languages", "A contribucin da inmigracin ao multilingismo do Estado espaol", "Educacin Primaria Ministerio de Educacin y Formacin Profesional", "Educacin Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO)Ministerio de Educacin y Formacin Profesional", "BachilleratoMinisterio de Educacin y Formacin Profesional", "La Formacin Profesional actual en el sistema educativo TodoFPMinisterio de Educacin y Formacin Profesional", "The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA): Spain", "Macrobarmetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos", "Federacin de Entidades Religiosas Evanglicas de Espaa FEREDE", "Los musulmanes en Espaa superan por primera vez los 2 millones de personas", "Beyond Bullfights and Sangria: Five Centuries of Spanish History through Its Music, Art, and Literature - UC San Diego Extension", "Spain, main reference for world's Hispanic heritage", "Literatura hispanorromance primigenia: la glosa conoajutorio del Codex Aemilianensis 60", Pontificia Universidad Catlica Argentina Santa Mara de los Buenos Aires, "The spread of Castilian/Spanish in Spain and the Americas: A relatively successful language standardisation experience", "La extensin del Romanticismo en Espaa", "La 'Edad de Plata' (1868-1936) y las generaciones de la Edad de Plata: cultura y filologa", "Genesis problem of philosophical thought in spanish historiography", "10 Most Famous Paintings by Diego Velazquez | Learnodo Newtonic", "Recordando la historia del cine espaol", "El Festival de San Sebastin y el de Mlaga, entre las diez iniciativas culturales ms importantes de Espaa en 2021", "Music Festivals, UK Festivals and London Festivals", "The world's most expensive ham is from Huelva and costs 4,100 a leg", "Acuerdo entre el Reino de Espaa y Nueva Zelanda sobre participacin en determinadas elecciones de los nacionales de cada pas residentes en el territorio del otro, hecho en Wellington el 23 de junio de 2009", autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spain&oldid=1166941022, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, Spanish-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1715, States and territories established in 1978, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Catalan-language text, Articles containing Galician-language text, Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles with failed verification from January 2016, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Phoenician-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2022, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the, Callaghan O.F Joseph. Post World War Two Independence Spain continued its influence in the north, however, with control of two port cities, Melilla and Ceuta. [citation needed], Public holidays celebrated in Spain include a mix of religious (Roman Catholic), national and local observances.

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