McGhee Tyson Airport - Wikipedia [37]:141,147, Longstreet's forces laid siege to Knoxville for two weeks, though the Union Army managed to resupply Burnside via the river. Booker's The Heat of a Red Summer: Race Mixing, Race Rioting in 1919 Knoxville (2001) details the Riot of 1919. [44]:77 He also adamantly opposed any attempt to increase taxes. Ava Barber recalls life on Lawrence Welk Show | wbir.com ), Edwin Patton, Lucile Deaderick (ed. East Tennesseans felt the state had squandered the proceeds from the sale of land in the Hiwassee District (1819) on a failed state bank, rather than on badly needed internal improvements. Early History of the Knoxville family. Knox County and Knoxville, Tenn., has the largest populations. [13]:489 The natural resources of the surrounding region were either exhausted or their demand fell sharply, and the decline of railroads in favor of other forms of shipping led to the collapse of the city's wholesaling sector. He was born Philip John Clapp. Knoxville was originally called 'White's Fort' by American settlers in 1786. History of the City - City of Knoxville The views of Brownlow and Ramsey, bitter enemies on many fronts, were virtually identical on the issue of slavery. [44]:77 Walker's brash and uncompromising style made him a folk hero to many, especially the city's working class and poor. [31]:72 Following the attack on Fort Sumter in April, Governor Isham Harris made moves to align the state with the Confederacy, prompting the region's Unionists to form the East Tennessee Convention, which met at Knoxville on May 30, 1861. Containing over 6,000 acres, the Merryland Tract was divided into 22 lots and sold beginning in the early-1770s, bringing many prominent families to the area and establishing the footprints of the modern-day communities of Petersville, Knoxville, Coatesville, and Brunswick. Karns football named Lee Warren its newest coach. [13]:20 Local crop prices spiked, the number of wholesaling firms in Knoxville grew from 4 to 14,[31]:2123 and two new factories the Knoxville Manufacturing Company, which made steam engines, and Shepard, Leeds and Hoyt, which built railroad cars were established. Ramsey's son) for the 2nd district's congressional seat. [15] The Cowan brothers, Nathaniel and Samuel, opened the city's first general store in August 1792, and John Chisholm's tavern was in operation by December 1792. [58] In 1873, Humes managed to obtain a Peabody Fund grant that allowed Knoxville to establish a public school system.[59]. The rugged terrain of the Appalachian Mountains made travel in and out of the city by road difficult, with wagon trips to Philadelphia or Baltimore requiring a round trip of several months. [44]:18, The railroad also led to a boom in the quarrying and production of Tennessee marble, a type of crystalline limestone found in abundance in the ridges surrounding Knoxville. [1] By 1807, some 200 migrants were passing through the town every day. One of the city's first major renovation efforts involved the replacement of the large Market House on Market Square with a pedestrian mall. [31]:24[47]:301 Railroad construction in the 1850s brought to the city large numbers of Irish Catholic immigrants, who helped establish the city's first Catholic congregation in 1855. Two early first-hand accounts of the war in Knoxville are William G. Brownlow's Sketches of the Rise, Progress and Decline of Secession (1862) and the diary of Ellen Renshaw House, edited by Daniel Sutherland and published as A Very Violent Rebel: The Civil War Diary of Ellen Renshaw House (1996). River improvements in the 1830s allowed Knoxville semi-annual access to the Mississippi, though by this time the city's merchants had shifted their focus to railroad construction. The hotel hosted lavish masquerade balls, and served oysters, cigars, and imported wines. [1] A detached group of Cherokee, known as the Chickamaugas, refused to recognize the Holston treaty, and remained a constant threat. [44]:3844 As Knoxvillians were adamantly opposed to tax increases, the city consistently had to rely on bond issues to pay for city services. [44]:56 Construction fell 70%, and unemployment tripled. Miller's, Kress's, and the three surviving downtown theaters had all closed by 1978. As a nexus between rural towns in Southern Appalachia and the nation's great manufacturing centers, Knoxville grew to become the third-largest wholesaling center in the South. 2:01. [17] White's son-in-law, Charles McClung, surveyed the land and divided it into 64 half-acre lots. [37]:778, In August 1863, Simon Buckner, the last of a string of Confederate commanders based in Knoxville, evacuated the city. The ordinance forbidding the showing of movies on Sunday was done away with in 1946, with the help of the state legislature. [23]:100101 Neighborhoods such as Fort Sanders, Fourth and Gill, Old North Knoxville, and Parkridge, are all rooted in "streetcar suburbs" developed during this period. Namesake: Gay Street in Knoxville | wbir.com How Knoxville Catholic football will move forward after first-year It was named after Henry Knox. Known as the "Great Western Line," the route ran westward from Raleigh, North Carolina, over the mountains to Knoxville, and then continued west to Nashville. The fort, which originally stood along modern State Street, consisted of four heavily timbered cabins connected by an 8-foot (2.4m) palisade, enclosing one-quarter acre of ground. Knoxville Written by W Bruce Wheeler 5 minutes to read Founded as White's Fort in 1786, Knoxville served as the capital of the Territory South of the River Ohio (or Southwest Territory) and early capital of Tennessee and eventually grew to become the state's third largest city and a major commercial, industrial, and educational center. [1] Tennessee marble, extracted from quarries on the city's periphery, was used in the construction of numerous monumental buildings across the country, earning Knoxville the nickname, "The Marble City. The records of these two expeditions suggest the area was part of a Muskogean chiefdom known as Chiaha, which was subject to the Coosa chiefdom further to the south.[9]. [60] A third, the National Conservation Exposition, was held in 1913. [29] In 1848, the Tennessee School for the Deaf opened in Knoxville, giving an important boost to the city's economy. [13]:45, Blount immediately moved to White's Fort (chosen for its central location) to begin resolving land disputes between the Cherokee and white settlers in the region. In 1858, Opposition Party candidate Horace Maynard, with Brownlow's endorsement, soundly defeated Democratic candidate J.C. Ramsey (J.G.M. History of Knoxville, Tennessee - Wikipedia Previous Coverage: Knoxville Police Department appoints Brooklyn Sawyers Belk as first-ever Deputy Chief of Professional Standards Knoxville is an unincorporated community in Napa County, California. and closed permanently in 1912. [44]:1316 Large parts of the downtown area continued to deteriorate, and nearly half of all houses in the city's older neighborhoods were considered substandard and in a critical state of decline. Neyland Stadium - Wikipedia [31]:1913 Confederate businessman Joseph Mabry and future business leaders such as Charles McClung McGhee and Peter Kern began working with Union leaders to rebuild the city. What's With All This Marble City Business? Is it illegal to wear a mask in public in Tennessee? How Black activism birthed Knoxville's Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue. Political factioning hampered revitalization efforts throughout much of the 20th century, though the creation of federal entities such as the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930s and the ten-fold expansion of the University of Tennessee helped keep the economy stable. Racial tensions heightened as poor whites and blacks competed for the few available jobs, and both the Ku Klux Klan and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) opened chapters in the city. [44]:257 Many of Knoxville's political and business leaders throughout the 20th century hailed from rural areas of Southern Appalachia. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. [23]:118, In 1946, travel writer John Gunther visited Knoxville, and dubbed the city, the "ugliest city" in America. [30]:2832 The square also attracted street preachers, early country musicians,[30]:5260 and political activists. [31]:35 However, numerous prominent Knoxvillians, including Brownlow, Oliver Perry Temple, and Horace Maynard, had been pro-emancipation in the 1830s, but, for reasons not fully understood, were pro-slavery by the 1850s. [19]:789 Most of Knox County's farms were small (only one was larger than 1,000 acres (4.0km2)) and typically focused on livestock or other products that weren't labor-intensive. [15] Lots were set aside for a church and cemetery, a courthouse, a jail, and a college. [61] High-profile shootouts were not uncommon, the most well-known being the Mabry-O'Connor shootout on Gay Street, which left banker Thomas O'Connor, businessman Joseph Mabry, and Mabry's son, dead in 1882. History On August 1, 1930, the original McGhee Tyson airport opened, named for Charles McGhee Tyson. KNOXVILLE, Tenn. ( WATE) A young boy has died and several others were injured after two boats crashed on Norris Lake, according to a Tennessee Wildlife . The Untold Truth Of Johnny Knoxville - Nicki Swift [10][11] The Cherokee people called the Knoxville area kuwanda'talun'yi, which means "Mulberry Place. In the late 1920s, General Lawrence Tyson donated land off Kingston Pike for McGhee Tyson Airport, named for his son, World War I aviator Charles McGhee Tyson (the airport has since moved to Blount County). [36]:359365, The Confederate commander in East Tennessee, Felix Zollicoffer, initially took a lenient stance toward the region's Unionists. [44]:1168 The city also made numerous attempts to lure shoppers back to Gay Street, starting with the Downtown Promenade in 1960, in which walkways were constructed behind buildings along the street's eastern half, and continuing with the so-called "Gay Way," which included the widening of sidewalks and the installation of storefront canopies, in 1964. Knoxville's history from the end of the Civil War to the modern period is covered in Knoxville, Tennessee: Continuity and Change in an Appalachian City (1983), written by Michael McDonald and Bruce Wheeler, and subsequently expanded by Wheeler as Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South (2005). He brought charges of swindling against a third director, J.G.M. [30]:979, After the Civil War, Thomas William Humes was named president of East Tennessee University (renamed the University of Tennessee in 1879), and managed to acquire for the institution the state's Morrill Act land-grant funds, allowing the school to expand. Ramsey, William Sneed (including the Lamar House Hotel), and William Swan, and expelling known Confederate sympathizers from the city. Crozier and William Churchwell, to flee town. It was built on 60 acres in West Knoxville where West High School is now located. [37]:44 On June 20, 1863, William P. Sanders's Union cavalry briefly laid siege to Knoxville, but a Confederate citizens' guard within the city managed to fend them off. [1] The fort was chosen as the capital of the Southwest Territory in 1790, and the city, named for Secretary of War Henry Knox, was platted the following year. [1], While a Southern city, Knoxville was home to a strong pro-Union element during the secession crisis of the early 1860s, and remained bitterly divided throughout the Civil War. [44]:389 In 1923, the city voted to replace the commissioners with a city manager-council form of government, which involved the election of a city council, who would then hire a city manager to oversee the city's business affairs. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport is the premier air facility serving East Tennessee. Knoxville was named after Henry Knox, President Washington's War Secretary. HISTORICAL Knoxville was settled in 1791 and established in 1792. Knoxville and his wife Melanie Cates welcomed a daughter named Madison in 1996. Knoxville History | Knoxville, IA - Official Website The federal government never recognized the State of Franklin, however, and by 1789, its supporters once again pledged allegiance to North Carolina. In total, there are nine Knox counties and six cities or towns named after Knox. Confederate forces laid siege to the city later that year, but retreated after failing to breach the city's fortifications during the Battle of Fort Sanders. "[2], Knoxville's economy slowed in the early 1900s. 370-371. [52] Knoxville's Greek community is perhaps best known for its restaurateurs, namely the Regas family, who operated a restaurant on North Gay Street from 1919 to 2010,[53] and the Paskalis family, who founded the Gold Sun Cafe on Market Square around 1909. That might have been a better name . Knoxville, Tennessee - Wikipedia [65]:168 The city hospital was unable to buy drugs, as it was deeply in debt, and its credit had been cut off. TWRA spokesperson, Matthew Cameron, told WVLT News several other people sustained non . [55] During this same period, the Lamar House Hotel, located across the street from the theater, was a popular gathering place for the city's elite. A significant portion of Charles Cansler's Three Generations: The Story of a Colored Family in Eastern Tennessee (1939) takes place in Knoxville. [15] Taking advantage of Blount's land-grab act, White took out a claim for the site shortly afterward. The home was built ca. Knoxville, California - Wikipedia There were approximately 10 streets that consisted of 64 lots. Burnside's forces managed to delay Longstreet at the Battle of Campbell's Station on November 16, but was forced to retreat back to Knoxville with Longstreet in pursuit. This brought large numbers of progressive voters into the city, diluting the influence of Cas Walker and his allies. Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission, Union guerrillas destroyed several railroad bridges across East Tennessee, East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Tennessee. By the early 1890s, twenty-two quarries and three finishing mills were in operation in Knox County alone, and the industry as a whole was generating over a million dollars in annual profits. Considering Pike's glee, it wasn't long before Knoxville police identified Pike, Shipp and Peterson in the killing. Turn-of-the-Century Life in Knoxville's Bowery, Regas Restaurant's Closing Stirs Memories, A Blood Feud in Nineteenth Century Knoxville, Tennessee, Preservation Works: Mayor's Task Force on Historic Preservation, Dewhirst Plans to Convert Downtown Building into Apartments, Retail Shops, Downtown Knoxville Redevelopment Strategy, Timeline of Knoxville, Tennessee Bibliography, Historical images of Knoxville, Tennessee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee&oldid=1165830512, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 17 July 2023, at 18:04. Photo: East Tennessee. [13]:63 The school's campus expanded to cover the entire area between Cumberland Avenue and the river west of Second Creek, and the Fort Sanders neighborhood was largely converted into student housing. [31]:153, Anticipating the Confederates would soon attempt to retake the city, Burnside and his chief engineer, Orlando Poe, set about fortifying the city with a string of earthworks, bastions, and trenches. William Blount selected the name for the City of Knoxville. On October 27, 1815, Knoxville officially incorporated as a city. Nashville, Tennessee State Museum Collection. [3] Knoxville's two most prominent prehistoric structures are Late Woodland period burial mounds, one located along Cherokee Boulevard in Sequoyah Hills, and the other located along Joe Johnson Drive on the University of Tennessee campus. Knoxville was founded in 1845 when Joseph Robinson and James Montgomery, Commissioners from Scott and Wapello County, selected the site for Knoxville and designated it as the county seat. Her impressive record remains the all-time winningest women's basketball coaching record in NCAA history. By the 1880s, Knoxville had a murder rate that was higher than Los Angeles's murder rate in the 1990s. [36]:437441 For nearly two years, however, Union generals in Kentucky consistently ignored orders to march on Knoxville, and instead focused on Middle Tennessee. Gay Street was named after Gay Street in Baltimore because Baltimore was a major destination for shopping."<Knoxville started using the name Gay Street sometime in the 1800s in honor of. [6], The Spanish expedition of Hernando de Soto is believed to have traveled down the French Broad Valley and visited the Bussell Island village in 1540 en route to the Mississippi River. [31]:24 The Swiss were another important group in 19th-century Knoxville, with businessmen James G. Sterchi and Peter Staub, Supreme Court justice Edward Terry Sanford, philosopher Albert Chavannes, and builder David Getaz, all claiming descent from the city's Swiss immigrants. "[28], In 1816, merchant Thomas Humes began building a lavish hotel on Gay Street, later known as the Lamar House Hotel, which for decades would provide a gathering place for the city's elite. Nashville is not the only city named after a soldier from the American Revolution. [15] The site straddled a hill that was bounded by the river on the south, creeks (First Creek and Second Creek) on the east and west, and a swampy declivity on the north. "Proceedings of the E.T. Best Answer Copy gen. Henry Knox Wiki User 2012-10-08 19:57:33 This answer is: Study guides Biology 18 cards What were the two most influential early civilizations on the European continent What. By the mid-1970s, U.T. [38] Thomas William Humes was reinstalled as rector of St. John's Episcopal,[37]:85 and Brownlow returned to the city and once again began publication of the Whig. After finding a plot map of the town of Knoxville as it was first laid out in 1791 by James White, I noticed the streets on the map. [44]:162 The fair, officially named the International Energy Exposition, was open from May 1 to October 31, 1982, and drew over 11 million visitors. [44]:1245. [31]:81 Following the vote, the East Tennessee Union Convention petitioned the state legislature, asking that East Tennessee be allowed to form a separate, Union-aligned state. [37]:213, In April 1864, the East Tennessee Union Convention reconvened in Knoxville, and while its delegates were badly divided, several, including Brownlow and Maynard, supported a resolution recognizing the Emancipation Proclamation. Fatal two-boat crash on Norris Lake - WATE 6 On Your Side ), "Education,", Matthew Lakin, "'A Dark Night': The Knoxville Race Riot of 1919,". 12 p.m. to 5 p.m. Marble Springs State Historic Site is the last remaining home of John Sevier - Tennessee's first Governor. During the 1790s, several roads, many of which followed old Indian trails, were constructed that connected Knoxville to other settlements across East Tennessee. [19]:75 The city's merchants acquired goods from Baltimore and Philadelphia via wagon trains. [13]:15 The Register celebrated the move of East Tennessee College (the new name of Blount College following its rechartering in 1807) to Barbara Hill in 1826, and encouraged the trustees of the Knoxville Female Academy, which had been chartered in 1811, to finally hire a faculty and hold its first classes in 1827. [44]:578, In the 1930s and early 1940s, several major federal programs provided some relief to Knoxvillians suffering amidst the Depression. What Is in A Name? How Tennessee and Its Cities Got Their Names Mark Banker's Appalachians All (2010) discusses the development of three East Tennessee communities, Knoxville, Cades Cove, and the Clearfork Valley (in Campbell and Claiborne counties). [64] On August 30, 1919, these tensions erupted in the so-called Riot of 1919, the city's worst race riot, which shattered the city's vision of itself as a racially tolerant Southern town. [43]:196 The city's textile industry took shape with the establishment of the Knoxville Woolen Mills and Brookside Mills in 1884 and 1885, respectively. Knoxville was settled in 1791 and established in 1792. 958, October 16, 1896, Knoxville Minute Book, Book L, pp. [25] It wasn't until 1828 that a steamboat, the Atlas, managed to navigate Muscle Shoals and make it upriver to Knoxville. Camp shot and killed Confederate colonel Henry Ashby on Main Street in front of the courthouse over a Civil War grievance. [7][8] A follow-up expedition led by Juan Pardo may have visited village sites in the Little Tennessee Valley in 1567. [37]:656 In July 1862, 40 Union soldiers captured by Nathan Bedford Forrest near Murfreesboro were marched down Gay Street, with Confederate soldiers jokingly reading aloud their personal correspondence afterward. [44]:612 While Knoxvillians vigorously defended their city, Gunther's comments nevertheless sparked discussions regarding the city's unsightliness and its blue laws. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. BBQ [34], The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 drastically intensified the secession debate in Knoxville, and the city's leaders met on November 26 to discuss the issue. What airlines fly in and out of McGhee Tyson Airport? [44]:126 City schools also gradually desegregated during this period, largely in response to a lawsuit brought by Josephine Goss in 1959. [65]:166 There were no paved roads connecting Knoxville with other major cities. [31]:60 In Knoxville, 77% voted against this measure, affirming the city's allegiance to the Union. [15] Later that year, an expedition consisting of James White (17471820), James Connor, Robert Love, and Francis Alexander Ramsey, explored the Upper Tennessee Valley, and discovered the future site of Knoxville. Johnny Knoxville was born and raised in Knoxville, Tennessee. ), "Knoxville's History: An Interpretation,", Stanley Folmsbee and Lucile Deaderick, "The Founding of Knoxville," East Tennessee Historical Society, C. E. Allred, et al., "Farming From the Beginning to 1860,". [33]:290, Following the nationwide collapse of the Whig Party in 1854, many of Knoxville's Whigs, including Brownlow, were unwilling to support the new Republican Party formed by northern Whigs, and instead aligned themselves with the anti-immigrant American Party (commonly called the "Know Nothings"). Tenn. Woman ID'd Nearly 40 Years After Her Remains Were Found - People.com A peace expedition to the Overhill towns led by Henry Timberlake passed along the river through what is now Knoxville in December 1761. [65]:1739 He also convinced the city to purchase the vacated Tennessee School for the Deaf building for use as a city hall. [37]:34 Brownlow was among those arrested, but was released after a few weeks. Knoxville | Tennessee Encyclopedia It's Also the Gateway to the Great Smoky Mountains In January 1796, delegates from across Tennessee, including Blount, Sevier, and Andrew Jackson, convened in Knoxville to draw up a constitution for the new state, which was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796. [18] The city's new charter set up an alderman-mayor form of government, in which a Board of Aldermen was popularly elected, and in turn selected a mayor from one of their own. "[44]:72,133, Beginning in the 1950s, Knoxville made serious efforts to reinvigorate the downtown area. It was, as Knoxville civic leader Mrs. W.C. Ross told the News Sentinel, a fitting move. [68][69] In the 2000s, Knoxville's planners turned their focus to the development of mixed residential and commercial neighborhoods (such as the Old City), cohesive, multipurpose shopping centers (such as Turkey Creek in West Knoxville), and a Downtown area with a mixture of unique retailers, restaurants, and cultural and entertainment venues, all with considerable success. The City's main streets are named after Robinson and Montgomery. In September 1793, a large force of Chickamaugas and Creeks marched on Knoxville, and massacred the inhabitants of Cavet's Station (near modern Bearden) before dispersing. [23]:76 In January 1816, Knoxville's newly elected Board of Aldermen chose Judge Thomas Emmerson (17731837) as the city's first mayor. How Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue in Knoxville got its name [35], In a second statewide vote on June 8, 1861, a majority of East Tennesseans still rejected secession,[31]:8082 but the measure succeeded in Middle and West Tennessee, and the state thus joined the Confederacy.

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