To do this, you need to configure the VMM vSwitch (VM Networking > VMM Domain > vSwitch policies) to define a LAG group. This provided higher route scalability and traffic symmetry through the spine switches and IPN (Inter-Pod Network) to the outside. The "Loop mitigation features / Spanning Tree Protocol considerations" section describes how STP interacts with Cisco ACI. While vPC with LACP is the preferred option both with non virtualized servers and with virtualized servers, due to the variety of NIC teaming options available on server operating systems, you must be aware of other options and how to configure Cisco ACI to interoperate with them. For instance, create the EPG for external Layer 2 connectivity, set the EPG first with the option "Shutdown EPG" selected, associate the EPG with the policy group type vPC, make sure that the port channel ports are bundled using LACP (that is, in the ports are in the LACP P state), then bring up the EPG by deselecting the "Shutdown EPG" option. On the fabric side, the L3Out is configured to connect to the firewalls. At the hardware level, this translates into a classification based on MAC addresses. If the two EPGs are in the same bridge domain, they share the same flood domain VLAN for BPDUs and they share the broadcast domain. Starting from Cisco ACI, 4.0 you can to shut down an EPG. If this is the case, enabling this feature will cause interruption of these traffic flows. In contrast, with microsegmentation the VLAN is a private VLAN and proxy ARP is required for all communication within the VLAN. This feature will age each IP separately to address that scenario. Consider the example shown in Figure 55. When the fabric sends an ARP request from a pervasive SVI, it uses the custom MAC address. In a Cisco ACI fabric, you can configure communication between tenants, as well as communication between VRF instances within a tenant, using the constructs available within the fabric. The L3Out uses the same encapsulation on all the border leaf switches to allow static routing from any border leaf switch to the active firewall. If Enforce Subnet Check is enabled globally, this option is not necessary. Resolution and Deployment Immediacy are configuration options that are configured when an EPG is associated with a physical domain or a VMM domain. Defining the out-of-band contracts (vzOOBBrCP) that control which protocol and ports can be used by the above hosts to connect to the Cisco APIC, leaf switches, and spine switches. The preference can be changed at System > System Settings > APIC Connectivity Preferences > Interface to use for External Connections. Use Endpoint Loop Protection with the option to disable learning on the bridge domain if a loop occurs. Max burst rate: In a given interval, Cisco ACI may allow a traffic rate higher than the defined "rate". For MCP, no impact (other than stopping a loop). Traffic from and to endpoints that belong to EPG1, 2, 3 is allowed to and from endpoints that belong to EPG 1, 2, 3, and similarly traffic from and to endpoints that belong to EPG 4, 5, 6 is allowed to and from endpoints that belong to EPG 4, 5, 6, but traffic between endpoints of EPG 1, 2, 3 to and from EPG 4, 5, 6 requires a contract. Tenant common is a special Cisco ACI tenant that can be used to share objects, such as VRF instances and bridge domains, across multiple tenants. 3 There is a feature coming in 4.0 (disable dataplane learning for the vrf) that would allow you to workaround the issue you are describing; more on that later!! Best Practices for Network Configuration with NetApp Storage Systems This happens because the classification takes place at the VRF level, even though external networks are configured under L3Out. This can be done in three ways: Configuring the VRF for unenforced mode, Enabling preferred groups and putting all the EPGs in the preferred group, Configuring vzAny to provide and consume a permit-any-any contact. See the Cisco ACI Design Guide for more details. The EPG feature is the tool to map traffic from a leaf switch port to a bridge domain. Another important VMware vDS teaming option is the failback option. The above configuration is not sufficient for compression. In the example in Figure 30, an administrator needs to have both a VMM domain and a physical domain (that is, using static path bindings) on a single port or port channel. For more detailed information, check out the Cisco ACI Best Practices Guide for Fabric Provisioning. Therefore, to avoid traffic disruption you should set the bridge domain that connects to switches A and B for unknown unicast flooding. Endpoint Retention Policy at the Bridge Domain and VRF Level. In Cisco APIC release 5.0(1), a feature called BGP next-hop propagate was introduced to address this scenario. Servers of Network 1 and Network 2 would still be in the same subnet (Cisco ACI would do proxy ARP). vPC also leverages native split horizon/loop management provided by the port channeling technology: a packet entering a port channel cannot immediately exit that same port channel. Packets that come in an interface, go out from the same interface. This is the case when the management interface of a virtualized host is connected to the Cisco ACI fabric leaf switch. VRF egress policy enforcement means that the ACL filtering performed by the contract is also implemented on the border leaf switch. For more information, refer to the following documents: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/sw/kb/b_Multipod_QoS.html, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/data-center-virtualization/application-centric-infrastructure/white-paper-c11-739609.html. When a leaf switch receives an ARP request to the IP address that is not yet resolved on the leaf switch in the external bridge domain for floating SVI, Cisco ACI performs ARP gleaning and non-anchor leaf switches will send ARP requests from the floating IP address to the target IP address to discover the router with the IP address. Cisco ACI 5.2(4) introduced an enhancement that combines the benefits of MCP with aggressive timers and the scale benefits of MCP with normal timers. Check the "Designing the tenant network" section for details on how those can be and should be structured. Solved: MCP Best practices ? - Cisco Community Use of ARP flooding is often required because of the variety of teaming implementations and the potential presence of floating IP addresses. This section provides a high level summary of the Hyper-V teaming options to describe which configurations of Cisco ACI work best with them. In such a case, the static routes are distributed to other leaf switches using MP-BGP and it looks as if the route is available from other leaf swiches point of view. Keeping port channel ports in the individual state when connected to a server during the bootup should not introduce any loops because a server typically wont switch traffic across the NIC teaming interfaces of the port channel. The default value is 300 seconds. If a port on a leaf switch is configured with multiple EPGs, where one of those EPGs is in access (IEEE 802.1p) mode and the others are in trunk mode, traffic from the EPG in IEEE 802.1p mode will exit the port tagged as VLAN 0 instead of being sent untagged. VLANs configured on an interface with VLAN set to scope port local: VLANs used by an interface configured with scope port local were discussed in the "VLAN Scope: Port Local Scope" section. The VLANs of the ports must match between the vPC pairs for the synchronization to work. With the approach of merging bridge domains into one, the number of EPGs and contracts is more manageable. This model is equally applicable to non-virtualized servers as well as virtualized servers, because both type of servers implement either static link aggregation (static port channel) or IEEE 802.3ad link aggregation teaming (dynamic port channel with LACP). You can configure ports that are used by EPGs in one of the following ways: Trunk or tagged (classic IEEE 802.1q trunk): The leaf switch expects to receive traffic tagged with the configured VLAN to be able to associate the traffic with the EPG. The Guest Team: This is the team that is used by the Microsoft Virtual Switch External networks to attach virtual machines. A shared L3Out configuration is similar to the inter-tenant communication discussed in the previous section. As a result, the following two rules apply: If you require the same border leaf switch to connect to multiple OSPF peer devices within the same area, you must use a single L3Out. We recommend that you apply the following best practices for L3Out router IDs: Each leaf switch should use a unique router ID per VRF. The option is called "Include APIC ports." The "inb" bridge domain in principle is meant to connect primarily APICs and Cisco ACI leaf and spine switches. LACP active: The Cisco ACI leaf switch puts a port into an active negotiating state, in which the port initiates negotiations with remote ports by sending LACP packets. On top of enabling this option in the bridge domain, configurations to advertise the bridge domain subnet such as route maps in the L3Out or L3Out to bridge domain association are required. For this design, there are no specific restrictions related to routing to the outside. VMM integration is based on the definition of a VMM domain. As part of the L3Out configuration, these subnets should be defined as external networks. This is because the endpoint announce delete feature that was introduced in release 3.2(2) addresses the stale endpoints scenarios. With this configuration, even if you entered a prefix list of 0.0.0.0/0 le 32, there is no overlapping subnet because routes learned through L3Out1 are associated with a class-id that is different from the routes learned through L3Out2. Shared Between VRFs: This option is used for shared services. These teaming options are not as optimal as the use of IEEE 802.3ad link aggregation. During a Cisco APIC upgrade, do not reboot, decommission, change the cluster size or initialize the Cisco APICs. Reducing Traffic Disruption During Upgrades. COOP is used within the Cisco ACI fabric to communicate endpoint information between spine switches. Before describing what this feature does, it is important to clarify the terminology "ingress" filtering and "egress" filtering and to underline the difference between "ingress filtering/egress filtering" and "VRF ingress filtering/VRF egress filtering.". vPC fabric port tracking, as with port tracking, uses the ISIS adjacency information in addition to the physical link status to bring up or down the vPC front panel ports. Figure 22 shows the format of the VXLAN encapsulated traffic in the Cisco ACI fabric. In large-scale design scenarios, for greater scalability, it may be beneficial to separate border leaf switches from the leaf switches that connect to computing and service appliances. This .254 address is configured on the fabric as a shared secondary address under the L3Out configuration as shown in Figure 93. This scenario doesnt require special tuning for endpoint loop protection and rogue endpoint control because these two features count moves in a different way. Because of this, if you downgrade from Cisco ACI 3.2 to a previous release, you must disable this feature. With ingress policy enforcement, the filtering happens consistently on the "compute" leaf switch for both directions of the traffic. In vPCs, this is achieved by assigning a unique domain-id to each vPC pair. Starting with Cisco ACI 3.1(2), the Cisco ACI uplinks have an MTU of 9366 bytes (9216 + 150). These are just commonly used terms to refer to a way of configuring Cisco ACI tenants. If the "ingress" leaf switch doesnt have the information about the destination endpoint (and, as a result, of the destination class ID), Cisco ACI forwards the traffic to the "egress" leaf switch, where the Cisco ACI leaf switch can derive the destination class ID and perform policy filtering. Enable "Enforce Domain validation" and "Enforce EPG VLAN Validation": This option ensures that the fabric access domain configuration and the EPG configurations are correct in terms of VLANs, thus preventing configuration mistakes. Use the equivalent of VRF leaking, which with Cisco ACI can be implemented in two different ways depending on whether you are using EPGs or ESGs. The traffic filtering configuration consists of a normal ESG-to-ESG contract. As you can see, this configuration is not useful because the provider (server) would generate traffic from port 80 and not to port 80. For these types of scenarios, you should consider graceful upgrades as explained in the next section. To leak the consumer bridge domain subnet to the provider VRF, the consumer bridge domain subnet scope must be "Shared between VRFs." Dynamic: Outbound traffic is distributed based on a hash of the TCP Ports and IP addresses. See the https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/dcn/aci/apic/5x/aci-fundamentals/cisco-aci-fundamentals-51x/m_policy-model.html#concept_08EC8412BE094A11A34DA1DEDCDF39E9 document, which states: "In the case of policy resolution based on named relations, if a target MO [Managed Object] with a matching name is not found in the current tenant, the Cisco ACI fabric tries to resolve in the common tenant. Table 8 Policy CAM programming for contracts with stateful filters, Configuring a Single Contract Between EPG/ESGs. In such a case, you can change the setting for record objects to reduce the maximum size. The Cisco ACI leaf switch will ARP for all of them more or less simultaneously because they were all learned more or less simultaneously, hence their timeout is synchronized. Because of the fact that the L2Out and the EPG configurations are functionally the same, but the EPG configuration is more flexible and more widely used, this document recommends and focuses on the use of the EPG configuration for Layer 2 external connectivity. ACI Naming Convention Best Practices "Measure twice, cut once." This statement is especially true when it comes to naming objects inside of ACI. vPC ports down: When all ports of a given vPC go down on one vPC peer, Cisco ACI switches the forwarding to the other vPC peer leaf switch. This feature is located at "Fabric > Access Policies > Policies > Switch > Fast Link Failover" and can be enabled on a per-leaf switch basis. With the BGP next-hop propagate feature, you need only a few routers (control node or control function [CF]) establishing protocol neighborship with Cisco ACI. The policy compression cant be applied if the Stateful option is enabled. When many IP addresses are associated with the same MAC address, we always recommend that you enable IP address aging. 5. The first reason is that with active/standby teaming, the standby interface is not down. IP address learning instead happens only when the unicast routing option is enabled in the bridge domain Layer 3 configuration. You can connect a bridge domain to an external Layer 2 network with either of the following configurations: Using the Tenant > Networking > L2Outs configuration, Using a regular Tenant > Application Profiles > EPG configuration. Sometimes the choice of options other than vPC with LACP is primarily the result of the need for server administrators to configure connectivity without having to ask for network configuration changes. See the Verified Scalability Guide to make sure that the P, V scale is within the limits. Microsoft distinguishes teaming mode and load balancing mode. Also, when fabric links are restored, Cisco ACI delays the vPC ports bring up to avoid blackholing traffic. Shared Security Import Subnets: This option defines which subnets learned from a shared VRF belong to this external EPG for the purpose of contract filtering when establishing a cross-VRF contract. Spanning Tree Protocol provides better granularity such that if a looped topology is present, external switches running Spanning Tree Protocol provide more granular loop-prevention. There are variations to the topology of Figure 62 depending on the design goal: You could be using VLAN 10 on both EPG1 and EPG2, so that BPDUs from Spanning Tree could detect a potential loop due to miscabling between L2 Network 1 and L2 Network 2. The "Disable remote endpoint learning" configuration in System > System Settings should be kept unchecked with second generation Cisco ACI leaf switches. This optimization is available on Cisco Nexus 9300-FX or later. 3. Flood in encapsulation is a feature that can be used on -EX and later leaf switches. There is no 1:1 relationship between tenants and VRF instances: A tenant can rely on a VRF from the common tenant. This disables the learning of IP addresses on the local leaf switch from routed traffic and the learning of the MAC address from the ARP traffic unless destined to the subnet IP address. If there was an IGMP report such as an IGMP join on a leaf switch, then the multicast traffic for that multicast group is not an unknown Layer 3 multicast, and it is not flooded on the leaf switch if IGMP snooping is on. At the time of this writing, the maximum number of EPG plus bridge domains per leaf switch is 3960. In Figure 100, the left side shows a topology that works with both first- and second-generation leaf switches. The teaming options are described in the next section. However, increasing the number of controllers increases control-plane scalability. This section explains why. A general rule is that a port channel or vPC interface policy group should have a 1:1 mapping to a port channel or vPC. There are two L3Outs or a single L3Out that uses different VLAN encapsulations for data center 1 (DC1) and data center 2 (DC2). This section describes the building blocks and the main configuration options of the L3Out. Enabling BFD on L3Out SVIs helps ensure fast failure detection, assuming that the connected device supports it. You need to define one protection group per vPC pair. The following table illustrates where the policy is enforced with inter-VRF contracts: Table 14 Ingress versus Egress filtering and hardware resources. This configuration is shown in Figure 102. Typically, the native VLAN is not used to carry data traffic, and the native VLAN may not be configured for data traffic on the Cisco ACI fabric. In summary if you configure contracts in tenant common, you configure the contract scope correctly, and you configure compression, you can reduce the policy-CAM utilization by re-using the contract in multiple tenants as well as within the tenant. The configurations for route-leaking and class ID derivation are intertwined, hence the configuration for route leaking and the configuration for traffic filtering are combined. The servers in the existing network may not send an ARP request until the ARP caches expire. The VSS is simple to configure for a small number of nodes, but managing it can become more difficult as node count increases. As a result the flow distribution for traffic destined to a vPC is achieved by performing ECMP on the VXLAN packets. Subnet under the EPG: If you plan to make servers on a given EPG accessible from other tenants (such as in the case of shared services), you must configure the provider-side subnet also at the EPG level. For example, if you send a broadcast to leaf 1, port 1/1, on VLAN 5, it is sent out from all ports that are in the bridge domain across all EPGs, regardless of the VLAN encapsulation. Each replica in the shard has a use preference, and write operations occur on the replica that is elected leader. If you upgrade from a 4.0 or 4.1 release to a 4.2 release, you should disable rogue endpoint control before the upgrade and re-enable it after. If a cluster has only two Cisco APIC nodes, a single failure will lead to a minority situation. Endpoint move dampening counts the aggregate moves of endpoints. With this architecture, the anchor leaf switch is essential for the floating SVI to work. This option is available starting from Cisco APIC release 5.1. For each L3Out connection, the user has the option to create one or more external EPGs based on whether different groups of external endpoints require different contract configurations. In other words, the router ID should be unique for each node within a VRF. The interface policy group ties together a number of interface policies, such as Cisco Discovery Protocol, LLDP, LACP, MCP, and storm control. When creating interface policy groups for port channels and vPCs, it is important to understand how policies can and cannot be reused. By default, bridge domains are configured with Multidestination Flooding set to Flood in Bridge Domain. Unicast routing must be enabled and a subnet must be configured on the bridge domain for Layer 2 communication between EPGs that are in the same subnet. If the Cisco ACI switch that is part of a vPC is a vPC designated forwarder, Cisco ACI configures the vPC peer to become the vPC designated forwarder. Cisco Discovery Protocol or LLDP should be enabled. In newer releases, Cisco APIC performs some pre-upgrade validation and warns you about some faults or configurations that are known to cause issues or traffic disruption with upgrades. Providing the out-of-band contract from the out-of-band EPG and consuming the contract from the external management instance profile. But, these options may not be the best for a server's performance nor for network interoperability, and in fact they may indeed require network configuration changes instead. Figure 118 shows how to configure qos-group to DSCP translation for tenant "infra".

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